Key concepts and instruments for accurate electrical measurements
Voltmeters are used to measure the voltage difference between two points in an electrical circuit.
Read MoreAmmeters measure the current flowing through a circuit and are connected in series.
Read MoreMultimeters combine multiple functions and can measure voltage, current, and resistance.
Read MoreEnergy meters measure the total energy consumed by a circuit or device, typically in kilowatt-hours.
Read MoreOscilloscopes visualize the waveforms of electrical signals, measuring voltage changes over time.
Read MoreVoltmeters are used to measure the potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit. They are connected in parallel with the circuit. For accurate measurements, voltmeters should have high internal resistance to prevent current flow through them.
Formula: Voltage (V) = Current (I) × Resistance (R)
Ammeters measure the current flowing through a circuit. They are connected in series, and their resistance is designed to be as low as possible to prevent current loss.
Formula: Current (I) = Voltage (V) / Resistance (R)
Multimeters are versatile instruments that can measure various electrical quantities such as voltage, current, and resistance. They can be set to different modes to measure each quantity.
Formula: Multimeters measure voltage, current, and resistance using appropriate internal circuits based on the mode.
Wattmeters are used to measure the power in watts that an electrical circuit consumes. They are designed to handle alternating currents (AC) and direct currents (DC).
Formula: Power (P) = Voltage (V) × Current (I) × Power Factor (PF)
Energy meters measure the total energy consumed by an electrical load over time. They are usually calibrated in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or megawatt-hours (MWh).
Formula: Energy (E) = Power (P) × Time (T)
Oscilloscopes are used to visualize the waveform of electrical signals, allowing the measurement of voltage over time. They are essential for analyzing alternating current (AC) waveforms and signal behavior.
Formula: Voltage (V) = Peak Voltage × (Time Period / Duration)